International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 1949-4270   |  e-ISSN: 1949-4289

Original article | Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research 2024, Vol. 19(2) 43-62

The Effectiveness of Family-Centered Teaching in Developing Self-Care Skills for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Esra Erbaş & Atilla Cavkaytar

pp. 43 - 62   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2024.1046.3   |  Manu. Number: MANU-2403-19-0005

Published online: June 30, 2024  |   Number of Views: 3  |  Number of Download: 5


Abstract

Teaching of self-care skills with the participation of families at home, which is the natural environment of the child, contributes to effective and permanent results. Even though it is preferred that the family take an active part in teaching, most parents who plan to work with their children have difficulties in how they teach. The previous studies demonstrate that when adequate support is provided to parents, they can teach their children the skills they need. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a family education program developed for teaching self-care skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorder. A mother and her child with autism spectrum disorder participated in the study. The study was designed with multiple probe with probe conditions across behaviors/skills which is one of the single subject research designs. The finding demonstrates that the mother was able to teach self-care skills (hand washing, toileting, and dressing) by using the least to most prompting teaching method and following the procedure properly during the teaching period. Additionally, the mother expressed her satisfaction with the teaching sessions. The results concluded that she realized the effect and importance of the systematic and planned teaching.

Keywords: autism spectrum disorder, self-care skills, family education, least-to-most prompting, family-centered teaching


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Erbas, E. & Cavkaytar, A. (2024). The Effectiveness of Family-Centered Teaching in Developing Self-Care Skills for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 19(2), 43-62. doi: 10.29329/epasr.2024.1046.3

Harvard
Erbas, E. and Cavkaytar, A. (2024). The Effectiveness of Family-Centered Teaching in Developing Self-Care Skills for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder . Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 19(2), pp. 43-62.

Chicago 16th edition
Erbas, Esra and Atilla Cavkaytar (2024). "The Effectiveness of Family-Centered Teaching in Developing Self-Care Skills for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder ". Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research 19 (2):43-62. doi:10.29329/epasr.2024.1046.3.

References
  1. American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  2. Ardic, A., & Cavkaytar, A. (2014). Effectiveness of the modified intensive toilet training method on teaching toilet skills to children with autism. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 49(2), 263–276. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23880609 [Google Scholar]
  3. Batu, S. (2008). Caregiver-delivered home-based instruction using simultaneous prompting for teaching home skills to individuals with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 43(4), 541–555.  [Google Scholar]
  4. Bearss, K., Johnson, C., Smith, T., Lecavalier, L., Swiezy, N., Aman, M., McAdam, B.D., Butter, E., Stillitano, C., Minshawi, N., Sukhodolsky, G. D., Mruzek, W., Turner, K., Neal, T., Hallett, V., Mulick, A. J., Green, B., Handen, B., Deng, Y., ... & Scahill, L. (2015). Effect of parent training vs parent education on behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 313(15), 1524-1533. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.3150 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  5. Bettison, S. (1982). A comparison of toilet training strategies for the retarded (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).  University of Adelaide [Google Scholar]
  6. Cankaya, S., & Kuzu, A. (2018). Effectiveness of mobile skill teaching software for parents of individuals with intellectual disabilities. International Education Studies, 11(3), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v11n3p1 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  7. Cannella-Malone, H., Sigafoos, J., O’Reilly, M., de la Cruz, B., Edrisinha, C., & Lancioni, G. E. (2006). Comparing video prompting to video modeling for teaching daily living skills to six adults with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 41(4), 344–356.  [Google Scholar]
  8. Carpenter, B., & Towers, C. (2008). Recognizing fathers: The needs of fathers of children with disabilities. Support for Learning, 23(3), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9604.2008.00382.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  9. Cavkaytar, A. (1999). The effectiveness of a parent training program for teaching self-care and domestic skills to mentally handicapped children (Doctoral dissertation). Eskisehir Anadolu University. [Google Scholar]
  10. Cavkaytar, A., & Pollard, E. (2009). Effectiveness of parent and therapist collaboration program (PTCP) for teaching self-care and domestic skills to individuals with autism. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 44(3), 381–395. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24233482 [Google Scholar]
  11. Cruz-Torres, E., Duffy, M. L., Brady, M. P., Bennett, K. D., & Goldstein, P. (2020). Promoting daily living skills for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder via parent delivery of video prompting. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(1), 212-223. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04215-6 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  12. Doan, D., & Toussaint, K. A. (2016). A parent-oriented approach to rapid toilet training. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 9(2), 473-486. [Google Scholar]
  13. Dunst, J., & Espe-Sherwindt, L. (2016) Parent mediated intervention in early childhood. In B. Reichow, B. A. Boyd, E. E. Barton & S. L. Odom (Ed.), Handbook of Early Childhood Special Education (pp.37-56). Springer International. [Google Scholar]
  14. Eaves, L. C., & Ho, H. H. (2008). Young adult outcome of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(4), 739-747. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-007-0441-x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  15. Farley M. A., McMahon W. M, Fombonne E. W., Jenson W. R., & Coon H. (2009). Twenty-year outcome for individuals with autism and average or near average cognitive abilities. Autism Research 2(2), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.69 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  16. Flynn, L., & Healy, O. (2012). A review of treatments for deficits in social skills and self-help skills in autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 431– 441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.06.016 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  17. Hancock, T. B., Kaiser, A. P., & Delaney, E. M. (2002). Teaching parents of preschoolers at high risk: Strategies to support language and positive behavior. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 22(4), 191–212. [Google Scholar]
  18. Horner, R. D., & Baer, D. M. (1978). Multiple‐probe technique: A variation of the multiple baseline. Journal of applied behavior analysis, 11(1), 189-196. [Google Scholar]
  19. Jenkins, S., Stephens, B., & Sternberg, L. (1980). The use of parents as parent trainers of handicapped children. Education and Training of the Mentally Retarded, 15(4), 256–263. [Google Scholar]
  20. Johnson, N. L., & Simpson, P. M. (2013). Lack of father involvement in research on children with autism spectrum disorder: Maternal parenting stress and family functioning. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 34(4), 220-228. https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2012.745177 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  21. Keen, D., Couzens, D., Muspratt, S., & Rodger, S. (2010). The effects of a parent-focused intervention for children with a recent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on parenting stress and competence. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(2), 229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.009 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  22. Kellems, R. O., Rickard, T. H., Okray, D. A., Sauer-Sagiv, L., & Washburn, B. (2018). iPad® video prompting to teach young adults with disabilities independent living skills: A maintenance study. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 41(3), 175-184. https://doi.org/10.1177/2165143417719078 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  23. Koegel, R. L., Bimbela, A., & Schreibman, L. (1996). Collateral effects of parent training on family interactions. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 26(3), 347–359. [Google Scholar]
  24. Koegel, R. L., Symon, J. B., & Kern Koegel, L. (2002). Parent education for families of children with autism living in geographically distant areas. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 4(2), 88-103. [Google Scholar]
  25. Kurtoğlu, S., & Cavkaytar, A. (2022). Zihin yetersizliği olan bireylere kişisel bakım becerilerinin öğretiminde bir aile eğitimi programının etkililiği. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 23(1), 53-83. https://doi.org/10.21565/ozelegitimdergisi.756223 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  26. LaVesser, P., & Berg, C. (2011). Participation patterns in preschool children with an autism spectrum disorder. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 31(1), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.3928/15394492-20100823-01 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  27. Ledford, J. R. (2018). No randomization? No problem: Experimental control and random assignment in single case research. American Journal of Evaluation, 39(1), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098214017723110 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  28. Marchant, M., & Young, K. R. (2001). The effects of a parent coach on parents’ acquisition and implementation of parenting skills. Education and Treatment of Children, 24(3), 351–373.  [Google Scholar]
  29. McConachie, H., & Diggle, T. (2007). Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 13(1), 120-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2753.2006.00674.x [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  30. Mello, M. P., Goldman, S. E., Urbano, R. C., & Hodapp, R. M. (2016). Services for children with autism spectrum disorder: Comparing rural and non-rural communities. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 51(4) 355-365. [Google Scholar]
  31. Miller, U. C., & Test, D. W. (1989). A comparison of constant time delay and most to least prompting in teaching laundry skills to students with moderate retardation. Education and Training in Mental Retardation, 24(4), 347-354. [Google Scholar]
  32. Minjarez, M. B., Mercier, E. M., Williams, S. E., & Hardan, A. Y. (2013). Impact of pivotal response training group therapy on stress and empowerment in parents of children with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 15(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300712449055 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  33. Nefdt, N., Koegel, R., Singer, G., & Gerber, M. (2010). The use of a self-directed learning program to provide introductory training in pivotal response treatment to parents of children with autism. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 12(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098300709334796 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  34. Ozcan, N., & Cavkaytar, A. (2009). Parents as teachers: Teaching parents how to teach toilet skills to their children with autism and mental retardation. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 44(2), 237-243. [Google Scholar]
  35. Schertz, H. H., & Odom, S. L. (2007). Promoting joint attention in toddlers with autism: A parent-mediated developmental model. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 37(8), 1562-1575. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0290-z [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  36. Smith, L. E., Hong, J., Seltzer, M. M., Greenberg, J. S., Almeida, D. M., & Bishop, S. L. (2010). Daily experiences among mothers of adolescents and adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0844-y [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  37. Sonmez, N., & Aykut, C. (2011). Using mother delivered simultaneous prompting for teaching independent toileting skills to a child with developmental disability. Journal of Human Sciences, 8(2), 1151-1171. [Google Scholar]
  38. Sonmez, N., & Varol, N. (2008). The effects of the home-based education program in acquiring and maintaining toilet training for mentally retarded children. Journal of Educational Sciences and Practice, 7(14), 139–155. [Google Scholar]
  39. Spriggs A.D., Ayres K.M., Trump C., & Taylor C. (2017). Building programs focused on daily living and adult independence. In H. M. Chiang (Ed.), Curricula for teaching students with autism spectrum disorder. (pp.195-224). Springer. [Google Scholar]
  40. Symon, J. B. (2005). Expanding interventions for children with autism: Parents as trainers. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 7(3), 159-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/10983007050070030501 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  41. Tekin-Iftar, E. (2008). Parent delivered community-based instruction with simultaneous prompting for teaching community skills to children with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 43(2), 249-265. [Google Scholar]
  42. Turnbull, A., Blue-Banning, M., Turbiville, V., & Park, J. (1999). From parent education to partnership education: A call for a transformed focus. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 19(3), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/027112149901900308 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  43. Ulugol, F., & Cavkaytar, A. (2020). The effectiveness of parent training program in teaching domestic skills to individuals with intellectual disability. Anadolu Journal of Educational Sciences International, 10(2), 930-957.  https://doi.org/10.18039/ajesi.760299 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  44. Vismara, L. A., Colombi, C., & Rogers, S. J. (2009). Can one hour per week of therapy lead to lasting changes in young children with autism? Autism, 13(1), 93–115. https://doi.org/10.1177/ 1362361307098516 [Google Scholar] [Crossref]