International Association of Educators   |  ISSN: 1949-4270   |  e-ISSN: 1949-4289

Original article | Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research 2021, Vol. 16(2) 295-312

The Effects of COVID-19 Process on Time Management of Foreign Language Teacher Candidates

Sibel Cengizhan

pp. 295 - 312   |  DOI: https://doi.org/10.29329/epasr.2020.345.13   |  Manu. Number: MANU-2101-08-0003.R1

Published online: May 27, 2021  |   Number of Views: 892  |  Number of Download: 687


Abstract

In this study which was conducted to determine the effects of the COVID-19 process on time management of foreign language teacher candidates, qualitative design was used. The study group was formed by criterion sampling, which is one of the purposeful sampling methods. The criteria determined were for the participants to work, to have pedagogical formation training online, and to have previously had face-to-face training. Accordingly, 35 foreign language teacher candidates participated in the study. A semi-structured interview form consisting of five questions was used to collect the data. Content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data and themes were reached from the codes. From the data obtained, it was concluded that the plans made about education in the COVID-19 process could not be followed due to the inability to perceive time, the process negatively affected time management as it created psychological pressure and wasted time, this changed the perception of time by making the time to pass quickly, that there were motivation problems arising from the focus and lack of explanations about the lessons and family factors and that time traps related to excessive computer use, watching movies-series, and excessive communication were encountered. At the same time, it was determined that the COVID-19 process has positive effects on preventing wasting time due to the traffic problem, creating a chance for individuals to spend more time for themselves and providing a more flexible studying environment. Regarding the negative effects of the COVID-19  process on time management, it is recommended that teacher candidates, who assume a great responsibility especially in the field of education, receive training on stress coping, distance education and time management in order to avoid or be affected less by the negative effects such as pandemics without field limitation.

Keywords: Teacher Candidates, Time Management, COVID-19, Motivation, Time Traps, Time Perception


How to Cite this Article?

APA 6th edition
Cengizhan, S. (2021). The Effects of COVID-19 Process on Time Management of Foreign Language Teacher Candidates . Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 16(2), 295-312. doi: 10.29329/epasr.2020.345.13

Harvard
Cengizhan, S. (2021). The Effects of COVID-19 Process on Time Management of Foreign Language Teacher Candidates . Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research, 16(2), pp. 295-312.

Chicago 16th edition
Cengizhan, Sibel (2021). "The Effects of COVID-19 Process on Time Management of Foreign Language Teacher Candidates ". Educational Policy Analysis and Strategic Research 16 (2):295-312. doi:10.29329/epasr.2020.345.13.

References
  1. Aeon, B. & Aguinis, H. (2017). It’s abaout time: new perspectives and insights on time management. Academy of Management Perspective, 31(4), 309-330. [Google Scholar]
  2. Alharbi, D.S. (2020). Impact of time management on High Education Students Academic Earning in KSA universities. REMAH Journal, 41, 343-357. [Google Scholar]
  3. Bakioğlu, B. & Çevik, M. (2020). Science teachers’ views on distance education in the COVID-19 pandemic process. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 109-129.  [Google Scholar]
  4. Başak, T., Uzun, Ş. & Arslan, F. (2008). Time management skills of nursing students. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 7(5), 429-434. [Google Scholar]
  5. Britton, B. K., & Tesser, A. (1991). Effects of time-management practices on college grades. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 405–410. [Google Scholar]
  6. Cemaloğlu, N. & Filiz, S. (210). The relation between time management skills and academic achievement of potential teachers. Educational Research Quarterly, 33 (4), 3-23.  [Google Scholar]
  7. Cengizhan, S. (2019). Difficulties that classroom teachers encounter while preparing and applying activities for gifted students and their opinions on the education. Journal of Social Sciences of Muş Alparslan University Anemon, 7(5), 27-36. [Google Scholar]
  8. Claessens, B. J. C., Van Eerde, W., Rutte, C. G., & Roe, R. A. (2007). A review of the time management literature. Personnel Review, 36(2), 255-276. [Google Scholar]
  9. Çağlıyan, V. & Göral, R. (2009). Time-Management skills: an evaluation on vocational school of higher education. Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 11 (17), 174-189. [Google Scholar]
  10. Dağlı, A. (2000). Time management. Education and Science, 25(117), 42-49. [Google Scholar]
  11. Efil, İ. (2003). Zaman yönetimi. In L. Küçükahmet (Ed.), Sınıf Yönetimi (pp. 130-148). Nobel Publishing.  [Google Scholar]
  12. Erbaş, Y.H. (2021). Covid-19 salgını döneminde eğitim: İlkokuma yazma öğretiminde karşılaşılan sorunlar ve çözüm önerileri. Ana Dili Eğitimi Dergisi, 9(2), 360-380. [Google Scholar]
  13. Erdoğdu, Y., Koçoğlu, F. & Sevim, C. (2020). An investigation of the psychosocial and demographic determinants of anxiety and hopelessness during COVID-19 pandemic. The Turkish Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 23(4), 24-37. DOI: 10.5505/kpd.2020.35403. [Google Scholar]
  14. Gortner Lahmers, A., & Zulauf, C. R. (2000). Factors associated with academic time use and academic performance of college students: A recursive approach. Journal of College Student Development, 41(5), 544–556. [Google Scholar]
  15. Görgülü Arı, A. & Hayır Kanat, M. (2020). Prospective Teacher’ Views on COVID-19 (Coronavirus). Van Yüzüncü Yıl University The Journal of Social Sciences Institute, Outbreak Diseases Special Issue, ISSN: 1302-6879, 459-492.  [Google Scholar]
  16. Gupta, R.,  Grover, S., Basul, A., Krishnan, V., Tripathi, A., Subramanyam, A., Nischal, A., Hussain, A., Mehra, A., Ambekar, A., Saha, G., Kumar, K., Bathla, M.,  Jagiwala, M., Manjunatha, N., Nebhinani, N., Gaur, N., Kumar, N., Dalal, P.K., Dalal, P.K., Kumar, P., Midha, P., Daga, R., Tikka, S.K., Praharaj, S.K., Goyal, S.K., Kanchan, S., Sarkar, S., Das, S., Sarkgel, S., Padhy, S.K., Sahoo, S., Rao, S., Dubey, V., Menon, V., Chhabra, V., Lahan, V. & Avasthi, A. (2020). Changes in sleep pattern and sleep quality during COVID-19 lockdown. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(4), 370-378. [Google Scholar]
  17. Holman, E.A. & Grisham, E.L. (2020). When time falls apart: the public health implications of distorted time perception in the age of COVID-19. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12(1), 63-65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/tra0000756 [Google Scholar]
  18. Kaya, H., Kaya, N., Palloş Öztürk, A. & Küçük, L. (2012). Assessing time-management skills in terms of age, gender, and anxiety levels: A study on nursing and midwifery students in Turkey. Nurse Education in Practice, 12(5), 284-288. [Google Scholar]
  19. Kocabaş, İ. & Erdem, R. (2003). Individual time management behaviors of the teachers who are candidate for school principal administration. Fırat University Journal of Social Science, 13(2), 203-210. [Google Scholar]
  20. Koch, C. J. & Kleinmann, M. (2002). A stitch in time saves nine: behavioural desicion-making explanations for time management problems. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11 (2), 199–217. [Google Scholar]
  21. Macan, T. H., Shahani, C., Dipboye, R. L., & Phillips, A. P. (1990). College students' time management: Correlations with academic performance and stress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(4), 760–768 [Google Scholar]
  22. Macan, T.H. (1994). Time management: test of a process model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(3), 381-391. [Google Scholar]
  23. Meeter, M., Bele, T., Den Hartogh, C.F., Bakker, T., De Vries, R.E. & Plak, S. (2020. October 11, preprint). College students’ motivation and study results after COVID-19 stay-athome orders. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/kn6v9 [Google Scholar] [Crossref] 
  24. Misra, R. & McKean, M. (2000). College students’ academic stress and its relation to their anxiety, time management and leisure satisfaction. American Journal of Health Studiesi 16(1), 41-51. [Google Scholar]
  25. Ökdem, M. (2019). Time leaks among university students and methods of coping with them. The Journal of Turkish Social Research, 23(1), 79-94. [Google Scholar]
  26. Ören, K. Time management in increasing productivity and performance. Hak-iş International Journal of Labour and Society, 5(11), 186-203. [Google Scholar]
  27. Özdemir, A. (2006). An Empirical Study Of Time Management In The Organizations Which Have Different Organizational Culture: Examination Of Bursa. Unpulished Master Thesis. Balıkesir University, Social Sciences Institute, Balıkesir. [Google Scholar]
  28. Rajab, M.H., Gazal, A.M. & Alkattan, K. (2020). Challenges to online medical dducation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cureus, 12(7), 1-11. [Google Scholar]
  29. Rehman, U., Shahnawaz, M.G., Khan, N.H., Kharshiing, K.D., Khursheed, M., Gupta, K., Kashyap, D. & Uniyal, R. (2020). Depression, anxiety and stress among Indians in times of COVID-19 lockdown. Community Mental Health Journal,  [Google Scholar]
  30. Richiţeanu-Năstase, E.R, Stăiculescu, C. & Lăcătuş, M.L. (2018). Time Management Skills. Academic Achievements and Life Satisfaction. A Case Study at Bucharest University of Economic Studies. Review of International Comparative Management, 19(2), 102-109. [Google Scholar]
  31. Romero-Blanco, C., Rodríguez-Almagro, J., Onieva-Zafra, M.D., Parra-Fernández, M.L., Prado-Laguna, M.C. & Hernández-Martínez, A. (2020). Sleep pattern changes in nursing students during the COVID-19 lockdown. Internatioanal Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 5222. [Google Scholar]
  32. Rossman, G.B. & Rallis, S. F. (2011). Learning in the Field: An Introduction to Qualitative Research. Third edition, Sage Publications: America. [Google Scholar]
  33. Sepulveda-Escobar, P. & Morrison, A. (2020). Online teaching placement during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile: challenges and opportunities. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 587-607. [Google Scholar]
  34. Stemler, S. (2001). An Overview of content analysis. Practical Assesment , Research and Evaluation. 7(17), 1-6. [Google Scholar]
  35. Swart, A.J., Lombard, K. & Jager, H. (2010). Exploring the relationship between time management skills and the academic achievement of African engineering students-a case study. European Journal of Engineering Education, 35(1), 79-89.  [Google Scholar]
  36. Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçmelerde Güvenirlik ve Geçerlik. Sözkesen Printing.   [Google Scholar]
  37. Tanrıöğen, A. & İşcan, S. (2009). Time management skills of Pamukkale University students and their effects on academic achievement. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 35, 93-108. [Google Scholar]
  38. Taş, S. (2010). Time consuming activities in primary schools. Journal of Süleyman Demirel Üniversity Institute of Social Sciences, 2(12), 73-93.  [Google Scholar]
  39. Tekin, E. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 anxiety on motivation: an investigation on generation Z. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1129-1145.  [Google Scholar]
  40. Varışoğlu, B, Şeref, İ. & Yılmaz, İ. (2012). A content analysis on the perceptions of time management for prospective Turkish teachers. GEFAD/GUJGEF, 32(2), 377-394.  [Google Scholar]
  41. Walters, C. A. & Brady, A. C. (2020). College students’ time management: a self-regulated learning perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 1-33. DOI: 10.1007/s10648-020-09519-z [Google Scholar]
  42. Wittmann, M., Martin, & Paulus, M.P. (2007). Decision making, impulsivity and time perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12(1), 7-12. [Google Scholar]
  43. Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. (6th edition). Seçkin Publishing. [Google Scholar]
  44. Zaccoletti, S., Camacho, A., Correia, N., Aguiar, C., Mason, L., Alves, R.A. & Daniel, J.R. (2020). Parents’ perceptions of student academic motivation during the COVID-19 lockdown: a cross-country comparison. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-13. [Google Scholar]